Reinforcement of resin-modified glass-ionomer cement with glass fiber and graphene oxide.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of adding glass fiber and graphene oxide to a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC). METHODS: Experimental RMGICs were prepared by adding separately and simultaneously glass fibers (5, 10, and 20 wt%) and graphene oxide (1, 3, and 5 wt%) to the powder of RMGIC with different ratios. The samples were examined under SEM and XRD. The surface roughness, flexural strength, Vickers microhardness, water sorption, and solubility were investigated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (p = 0.05). RESULTS: Adding fiber and graphene oxide to RMCIS increased the surface roughness, flexural strength, and microhardness. The highest surface roughness value was obtained in the 20% fiber+5% graphene oxide adding group and the lowest in the control group (p < 0.05). The highest microhardness and flexural strength values were acquired in the 20% fiber-adding group and the lowest in the control group (p < 0.05). 10% and 20% fiber addition increased water sorption and solubility (p < 0.05). Adding 3%, 5% graphene oxide, and 20% fiber+5% graphene oxide reduced water sorption (p < 0.05). The highest water sorption was found in the 20% fiber-adding group and the lowest in the 5% graphene oxide and %20 fiber+5% graphene oxide-adding groups (p < 0.05). Graphene oxide alone and together with fiber did not affect the solubility (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results show that reinforcement of RMGIC with glass fiber and graphene oxide may improve the mechanical properties. But the glass fibers may cause more water sorption and solubility. Graphene oxide may decrease water sorption of RMGIC and fiber-reinforced RMGIC.

Color Change after 25% Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching with Photoactivation: A Methodological Assessment Using Spectrophotometer versus Digital Photographs.

This study aimed to evaluate the color change of teeth bleached with light activation using two different objective color measurement approaches after two years of clinical follow-up. A cross-sectional retrospective clinical study according to STROBE was followed including 30 participants. The 25% hydrogen peroxide gel (Philips Zoom) was applied with a supplementary LED light for 15 min in four cycles. Tooth color was assessed based on CIEL*a*b* values using a spectrophotometer (Spectroshade) at different time points (baseline, post bleaching, 1 week, 1 year, and 2 years). Standardized digital photographs were taken at each time point. The L*, a*, and b* values were measured from the digital photographs using Adobe Photoshop software. The color difference (ΔE) was separately calculated using the L*, a*, and b* values obtained with spectrophotometric and photographic analyses at each evaluation time. Data were analyzed with non-parametric tests (p < 0.05). A color regression was detected by both measurement approaches after 1 and 2 years (p < 0.05). Greater ΔE values were acquired with the spectrophotometer compared to the digital photographic analysis (p < 0.05). Although a greater color change was observed with the spectrophotometer, both approaches were able to detect the color rebound using the 25% hydrogen peroxide light-activated in-office system. Digital photographic analysis might therefore be used to assess color change after bleaching.

Repair of Bulk-Fill and Nanohybrid Resin Composites: Effect of Surface Conditioning, Adhesive Promoters, and Long-Term Aging.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of different repair procedures on the repair bond strength of bulk-fill and nanohybrid resin composites after different aging periods. The resin composite blocks (8 × 8 × 4 mm3) were prepared from a bulk-fill (reliaFIL Bulk) and a nanohybrid (reliaFIL LC) resin composite and grouped according to aging duration (6 months, 1 year, and 2 years). Following aging, the blocks were assigned to different surface treatments; air-abrasion with aluminum oxide powder, roughening with a diamond bur, and no treatment. After cleansing with phosphoric acid, a silane layer (Porcelain Primer) was applied on the surface of half of the specimens in each group. The specimens were subdivided into two groups (n = 5): Scotchbond Universal (3M Oral Care) and All-Bond Universal (Bisco). The blocks were repaired with the nanohybrid composite (8 × 8 × 8 mm 3). The repaired specimens were stored in distilled water (37 °C/24 h) and segmented into beams. Half of the beams were immediately subjected to microtensile µTBS testing (1 mm/min), while the other half was stored in distilled water (37 °C) for 6 months before testing. Failure modes were analyzed using stereomicroscope and SEM. Statistical analyses were performed with ANOVA and least significant difference tests (LSD) tests (p = 0.05). The extension of aging periods (6 months, 1 year, and 2 years) reduced the repair bond strength in some groups for both resin composites (p < 0.05). The air-abrasion and bur roughening improved the repair bond strength (p < 0.05). The silane application did not influence the repair bond strength and durability (p > 0.05). There was no difference among the universal adhesives in the same surface treatment groups (p > 0.05). The mechanical roughening treatments are necessary for the repair of resin composite. The universal adhesives might be used for the repair of resin composites regardless of silane content without prior silane application.

The clinical success of repaired posterior composite restorations with and without silane application.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical success of posterior composite restorations repaired with and without silane application for up to 2 years. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this retrospective study, patient record files acquired from the 40 patients who were treated due to needing repair for two class II defective composite restorations and visited the clinical practice for regular check-up visits were used. In the experimental group, the defective restorations were repaired using a silane coupling agent (Porcelain Primer), a universal adhesive (G-Premio Bond), and a microhybrid resin composite (Charisma Smart). In the control group, the restorations were repaired using the universal adhesive and the resin composite without silane coupling agent application. The repaired restorations were blindly assessed by two calibrated examiners using modified USPHS criteria at baseline, 6 months, 1, and 2 years. The data were analyzed using non-parametric tests (p = 0.05). RESULTS: After 2 years, 80 repaired class II restorations were evaluated. No restoration of either the control or silane-treated group failed. After 2 years, there were no statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups (p > 0.05). The differences in surface roughness were observed in each group over time (p < 0.05). There were no variations in other criteria over time (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: There was no significant effect of the silane coupling agent on restoration repair survival. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The repair of localized defects of the posterior composite restorations either with or without silane application is a conservative treatment option that may increase the clinical success of these restorations.

Assessment of the effects of different dental restorative materials on radiotherapy dose distribution: A phantom study.

Background: One of the most specific effects of high-density dental restorative materials on head & neck cancer radiotherapy is generating variations on isodose distributions. These variations might have an impact on the accuracy and effectiveness of the radiation treatment. The aim of this study is investigating the possible dosimetric effect of six different restorative materials on isodose distributions in head & neck radiotherapy planning process. Materials and Methods: A special phantom was developed and twenty-one caries-free human third molars (a control group + six different restorative materials) were used for the measurements. After acquiring the computed tomography (CT) images, seven treatment plans were created. Hounsfield Unit (HU) numbers, horizontal line dose profile (HLDP) and vertical line dose profiles (VLDPs) were compared with the control group. Results: The amalgam sample deformed the HU numbers in CT images. The median HU value for the S4 material was considerably different than the other samples. The median values were quite close for the remaining samples. For the amalgam sample, the mean of the calculated median isodose values for HLDP and VLDP at 3.5 cm away from the isocenter line were lower than the mean of the control group 4.03% and 6.94%, respectively (for HLDP with tooth numbers of 36 and 38 P = 0.025 and P < 0.001, respectively; for VLDP P < 0.001). In C-S1 comparison results, the statistically significant differences were found for the measurement point at 1 cm away from the isocenter (P = 0.037, P = 0.002, and P = 0.018 for the tooth numbers 36, 37, and 38, respectively). In C-S2 and C-S6 comparisons, there was a statistically significant difference for tooth number 36 (P = 0.035 and P = 0.003, respectively). Conclusions: The findings of the present study showed that amalgam should not be used in head & neck cancer patients who are planned to have radiation therapy. A high viscosity glass ionomer cement (GIC) and a ceramic reinforced GIC sample can be used instead of amalgam to minimize the distorting effect on isodose distributions.

A 3-year retrospective study of clinical durability of bulk-filled resin composite restorations.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the clinical longevity of a bulk-fill resin composite in Class II restorations for 3-year. Materials and Methods: Patient record files acquired from the 40 patients who were treated due to needed 2 similar sizes Class II composite restorations were used for this retrospective study. In the experimental cavity, the flowable resin composite SDR was inserted in the dentinal part as a 4 mm intermediate layer. A 2 mm coverage layer with a nano-hybrid resin composite (CeramX) was placed on SDR. The control restoration was performed by an incremental technique of 2 mm using the nano-hybrid resin composite. The restorations were blindly assessed by 2 calibrated examiners using modified United States Public Health Service criteria at baseline and 1, 2, and 3 years. The data were analyzed using non-parametric tests (p = 0.05). Results: Eighty Class II restorations were evaluated. After 3-years, 4 restorations (5%) failed, 1 SDR + CeramX, and 3 CeramX restorations. The annual failure rate (AFR) of the restorations was 1.7%. The SDR + CeramX group revealed an AFR of 0.8%, and the CeramX group an AFR of 2.5% (p > 0.05). Regarding anatomical form and marginal adaptation, significant alterations were observed in the CeramX group after 3-years (p < 0.05). The changes in the color match were observed in each group over time (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The use of SDR demonstrated good clinical durability in deep Class II resin composite restorations.

Shear bond strength of orthodontic molar tubes to composite restoration bonded with particular adhesives after different surface pre-treatments.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in vitro the shear bond strength of orthodontic molar tubes to composite restoration bonded with particular adhesives after different surface pre-treatments. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: The sample population is 60 extracted molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After the teeth were thermocycled, they were randomly divided into six groups according to the adhesive and various surface pre-treatments that had been applied. The surface pre-treatments included sandblasting with 50-µm aluminium oxide particles and roughening with diamond bur and 37% phosphoric acid. Transbond XT Adhesive Primer (3M Unitek) (TXT) and Assure Plus (Reliance Orthodontic Products) adhesives were used in the study. Following the application of the adhesives, the brackets were bonded to the surfaces of the teeth. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. Data were analysed with one-way ANOVA and LSD tests (P = .05). The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was determined using a stereomicroscope. Data from the ARI scores were submitted to Pearson's chi-squared test (P = .05). RESULTS: The highest shear bond strengths were obtained in the Assure Plus group 15.05 ± 3.72 MPa after sandblasting (P < .05). The lowest shear bond strengths were found in the TXT group (7.52 ± 2.89 MPa; P < .05). Sandblasting and bur pre-treatment for TXT and Assure Plus adhesives increased shear bond strength in both of them. There were no significant differences in the ARI scores between the groups (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Sandblasting and roughening pre-treatment can increase the bond strength of teeth with composite restoration. Assure Plus is also more effective than conventional adhesive systems.

Effect of repolishing on the discoloration of indirect composite block, nanohybrid, and microhybrid resin composites.

Purpose: To comparatively assess the color stability of indirect composite block, nanohybrid, and microhybrid resin composites after immersion in red wine and repolishing. Materials and methods: Specimens (2x7x12 mm) were prepared using an indirect composite block (Cerasmart), a nanohybrid (Ceram X), and a microhybrid (Charisma Smart) resin composite. The specimens' color was recorded based on the CIE L*a*b* system in a spectrophotometer (Spectroshade). After recording the initial color, the specimens were immersed in red wine for 3 hours per day for 15 days. The color measurement was done again. The specimens were repolished with a multistep polishing system (SuperSnap). The color was measured for the third time. The color change values (ΔE) were calculated with the L*, a*, and b* coordinates obtained at baseline, after the immersion procedure, and after repolishing. Statistical analyses were performed with one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc, and paired t-tests (p=0.05). Results: The composite block presented the lowest ΔE value (p <0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the ΔE values of the nanohybrid and microhybrid resin composites. The repolishing promoted a decrease in the color change of all three materials (p<0.05). The ΔE value of the composite block was clinically acceptable after repolishing. Conclusion: The composite block showed higher color stability. The staining resistance of the nanohybrid and microhybrid resin composites was not different. The repolishing decreased the discoloration of all three materials.

Effect of the polishing procedure and surface sealant application on fluoride release / Efeito do procedimento de polimento e aplicação superficial de selante na liberação de flúor

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of the polishing procedure and surface sealant application on the fluoride release of restorative materials. Material and Methods: The groups were consisted of using five different restorative materials were employed: Beautifil II, GCP Glass Fill, Amalgomer CR, Zirconomer and Fuji IX GP. 30 disk-shaped specimens (8x2 mm) were prepared from each material. Each group was subdivided into three groups considering finishing procedures: Mylar strip, polishing with Super-Snap discs, G-Coat Plus application after polishing with Super-Snap discs. The amount of fluoride released into distilled water was measured using a fluoride ion-selective electrode and ion analyzer after 24 hours, followed by measurement on days 3, 7, 15, 21, and 28. Surface analysis of the materials was performed with SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy). The data were statistically analyzed using two-way repeated measure ANOVA and LSD test (p=0.05). Results: The highest amount of fluoride released was measured after the first 24 h for all materials. Beautifil II released less fluoride than other materials in all measurement periods (p<0.05). After polishing, the amount of fluoride released from all materials except Beautifil II increased (p<0.05). The application of G-Coat Plus did not impact the amount of fluoride release of any materials (p>0.05). EDS analysis showed the most percentage of oxygen in all materials. Conclusion: The polishing procedure might induce an increase in fluoride release of glass ionomer-based materials, and the application of G-Coat Plus cannot affect the amount of fluoride release. (AU)

Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do procedimento de polimento e aplicação de selante superficial na liberação de flúor de materiais restauradores. Material e Métodos: Os grupos consistiram na utilização de cinco materiais restauradores diferentes: Beautifil II, GCP Glass Fill, Amalgomer CR, Zirconomer e Fuji IX GP. Trinta espécimes em forma de disco (8x2 mm) foram preparados a partir de cada material. Cada grupo foi subdividido em três grupos considerando os procedimentos de acabamento: tira Mylar, polimento com discos Super-Snap, aplicação de G-Coat Plus após polimento com discos Super-Snap. A quantidade de flúor liberada na água destilada foi medida usando um eletrodo íon-seletivo de fluoreto e analisador de íons após 24 horas, seguido pela medição nos dias 3, 7, 15, 21 e 28. A análise da superfície dos materiais foi realizada com MEV (Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura) e EDS (Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva de Raios-X). Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente usando ANOVA de dois fatores com medidas repetidas e teste LSD (p = 0,05). Resultados: A maior quantidade de flúor liberado foi medida após as primeiras 24 horas para todos os materiais. O Beautifil II liberou menos flúor do que outros materiais em todos os períodos avaliados (p <0,05). Após o polimento, a quantidade de flúor liberada de todos os materiais, exceto Beautifil II, aumentou (p <0,05). A aplicação de G-Coat Plus não afetou a quantidade de liberação de flúor de nenhum material (p> 0,05). A análise por EDS revelou a maior porcentagem de oxigênio em todos os materiais. Conclusão: O procedimento de polimento pode induzir um aumento na liberação de flúor de materiais à base de ionômero de vidro, e a aplicação de G-Coat Plus não pode afetar a quantidade de liberação de flúor (AU)

Bonding of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement to dentin using universal adhesives.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the effect of universal adhesives pretreatment on the bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement to dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty caries-free human third molars were employed. The teeth were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 10) based on dentin surface pretreatments: Single Bond Universal (3M Oral Care), Gluma Bond Universal (Heraeus Kulzer), Prime&Bond Elect (Dentsply), Cavity Conditioner (GC) and control (no surface treatment). After Fuji II LC (GC) was bonded to the dentin surfaces, the specimens were stored for 7 days at 37°C. The specimens were segmented into microspecimens, and the microspecimens were subjugated to microtensile bond strength testing (1.0 mm/min). The modes of failure analyzed using a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and Duncan tests (p = 0.05). RESULTS: The surface pretreatments with the universal adhesives and conditioner increased the bond strength of Fuji II LC to dentin (p < 0.05). Single Bond Universal and Gluma Bond Universal provided higher bond strength to Fuji II LC than Cavity Conditioner (p < 0.05). The bond strengths obtained from Prime&Bond Elect and Cavity Conditioner were not statistically different (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The universal adhesives and polyacrylic acid conditioner could increase the bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) to dentin. The use of universal adhesives before the application of RMGIC may be more beneficial in improving bond strength.

The effect of ionizing radiation on properties of fluoride-releasing restorative materials.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ionizing radiation from high energy X-ray on fluoride release, surface roughness, flexural strength, and surface chemical composition of the materials. The study groups comprised five different restorative materials: Beautifil II, GCP Glass Fill, Amalgomer CR, Zirconomer, and Fuji IX GP. Twenty disk-shaped specimens (8x2 mm) for fluoride release and 20 bar-shaped specimens (25 x 2x 2 mm) for flexural strength were prepared from each material. Each material group was divided into two subgroups: irradiated (IR) and non-irradiated (Non-IR). The specimens from IR groups were irradiated with 1.8 Gy/day for 39 days (total IR = 70.2 Gy). The amount of fluoride released into deionized water was measured using a fluoride ion-selective electrode and ion analyzer after 24 hours and on days 2, 3, 7, 15, 21, 28, 35, and 39 (n = 10). The flexural strength was evaluated using the three-point bending test (n = 10). After the period of measurement of fluoride release, seven specimens (n = 7) from each group were randomly selected to evaluate surface roughness using AFM and one specimen was randomly selected for the SEM and EDS analyses. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p = 0.05). The irradiation significantly increased fluoride release and surface roughness for Amalgomer CR and Zirconomer groups (p < 0.05). No significant change in flexural strength of the materials was observed after irradiation (p > 0.05). The ionizing radiation altered the amount of fluoride release and surface roughness of only Amalgomer CR and Zirconomer. The effect could be related to the chemical compositions of materials.

Effects of surface coating on the flexural strength of fluoridereleasing restorative materials after water aging for one year.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of surface coating and one-year water storage on the flexural strength of fluoride-releasing restorative materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty specimens were prepared from each material; GCP Glass Fill (GCP), Amalgomer CR (AHL), Zirconomer (Shofu), Fuji IX GP Capsule (GC), Beautifil II (Shofu), Estelite Σ Quick (Tokuyama) and reliaFIL LC (AHL). The specimens were randomly divided into two groups; surface coated with G-Coat Plus (GC) and uncoated. Each group was subdivided into two groups stored in distilled water at 37◦C for 24 h and 1 year before testing (n=10). The flexural strength was evaluated using three-point bending test according to the ISO 4049:2009 standard using a universal testing machine. After flexural strength test, a cross-section of the coated specimens was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: A significant increase was observed on the flexural strength of Amalgomer CR, Zirconomer and Fuji IX GP after 24 h when G-Coat Plus was applied (p<0.05). This significant increase was observed on the flexural strength of only Amalgomer CR and Zirconomer after 1 year (p<0.05). The highest flexural strength was obtained with Beautifil II, Estelite Σ Quick and reliaFIL LC after 24 h and 1 year (p<0.05). After 1 year, there was decrease on the flexural strength of the other materials except Beautifil II, Estelite Σ Quick and reliaFIL LC. CONCLUSION: The resin coating improved the flexural strength of some glass ionomer-based materials but the water aging decreased the same physical properties.

The effect of ionizing radiation on properties of fluoride-releasing restorative materials

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ionizing radiation from high energy X-ray on fluoride release, surface roughness, flexural strength, and surface chemical composition of the materials. The study groups comprised five different restorative materials: Beautifil II, GCP Glass Fill, Amalgomer CR, Zirconomer, and Fuji IX GP. Twenty disk-shaped specimens (8x2 mm) for fluoride release and 20 bar-shaped specimens (25 x 2x 2 mm) for flexural strength were prepared from each material. Each material group was divided into two subgroups: irradiated (IR) and non-irradiated (Non-IR). The specimens from IR groups were irradiated with 1.8 Gy/day for 39 days (total IR = 70.2 Gy). The amount of fluoride released into deionized water was measured using a fluoride ion-selective electrode and ion analyzer after 24 hours and on days 2, 3, 7, 15, 21, 28, 35, and 39 (n = 10). The flexural strength was evaluated using the three-point bending test (n = 10). After the period of measurement of fluoride release, seven specimens (n = 7) from each group were randomly selected to evaluate surface roughness using AFM and one specimen was randomly selected for the SEM and EDS analyses. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p = 0.05). The irradiation significantly increased fluoride release and surface roughness for Amalgomer CR and Zirconomer groups (p < 0.05). No significant change in flexural strength of the materials was observed after irradiation (p > 0.05). The ionizing radiation altered the amount of fluoride release and surface roughness of only Amalgomer CR and Zirconomer. The effect could be related to the chemical compositions of materials.

Universal Adhesives Benefit from an Extra Hydrophobic Adhesive Layer When Light Cured Beforehand.

PURPOSE: To measure microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of universal adhesives immediately and after 6-month aging, with or without an additional adhesive layer applied on a separately light-cured or non-light-cured universal adhesive. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty human third molars were randomly assigned to 8 experimental groups. The universal adhesives Clearfil Universal Bond (Kuraray Noritake) and Single Bond Universal (3M Oral Care) were used in self-etch mode (following the manufacturer's directions), and either light cured or not before application of an extra hydrophobic adhesive layer (Clearfil SE Bond bond, Kuraray Noritake). The two-step self-etch adhesives Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray Noritake) and OptiBond XTR (Kerr) were used as references. After composite buildups were bonded to mid-coronal occlusal dentin surfaces, the specimens were stored in water (37°C/24 h) and sectioned into microspecimens (0.96 ± 0.04 mm2). Half of the specimens were immediately subjected to µTBS testing (1.0 mm/min), while the other half was stored in water (37°C) for 6 months prior to testing. Failure analysis was performed using stereomicroscopy and SEM. Data were analyzed with two-way repeated measures ANOVA, Tukey's and paired t-tests (p = 0.05). RESULTS: The immediate µTBS was similar for the universal adhesives when applied following the different application strategies (p > 0.05). Application of an extra layer of hydrophobic adhesive improved the aged µTBS of the universal adhesives, which was statistically significant when the universal adhesives were first light cured (p < 0.05). The reference adhesives Clearfil SE Bond and OptiBond XTR exhibited a significantly higher immediate and aged µTBS to dentin than did the universal adhesives (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The bond durability of universal adhesives, applied in self-etch mode, was found to benefit from the application of an extra hydrophobic adhesive layer when the universal adhesives were first light cured.

The effect of surface sealants with different filler content on microleakage of Class V resin composite restorations.

OBJECTIVE: Microleakage is still one of the most cited reasons for failure of resin composite restorations. Alternative methods to prevent microleakage have been investigated increasingly. The aim of this study is to evaluate the microleakage in Class V resin composite restorations with or without application of surface sealants with different filler content. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-six cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces with the coronal margins located in enamel and the cervical margins located in dentin. The cavities restored with an adhesive system (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray, Tokyo, Japan) and resin composite (Clearfil Majesty ES-2, Kuraray, Tokyo, Japan). Teeth were stored in distilled water for 24 h and separated into four groups according to the surface sealants (Control, Fortify, Fortify Plus, and G-Coat Plus). The teeth were thermocycled (500 cycles, 5-55° C), immersed in basic fuchsine, sectioned, and analyzed for dye penetration using stereomicroscope. The data were submitted to statistical analysis by Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni-Dunn test. RESULTS: The results of the study indicated that there was minimum leakage at the enamel margins of all groups. Bonferroni-Dunn tests revealed that Fortify and GC-Coat groups showed significantly less leakage than the Control group and the Fortify Plus group at dentin margins in lingual surfaces (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The all surface sealants used in this study eliminated microleakage at enamel margins. Moreover, unfilled or nanofilled surface sealants were the most effective in decreasing the degree of marginal microleakage at dentin margins. However, viscosity and penetrability of the sealants could be considered for sealing ability besides composition.